Icmp pdf

To this end, the Internet Protocol treats the optional extension as a higher layer protocol. Lots of frequently-used network services, such as traceroute or ping, are based on the ICMP protocol.

To understand how the protocol works, you first need to look at the structure of the ICMP, or the header. For example, an ICMP type 3 message specifies that the destination of the data packet is unavailable , while the code specifies this information to determine whether it was the destination network 0 , the desired host 1 or the targeted port 3 that did not respond to the previous request.

The ICMP checksum follows the information about the message type, and ensures the accuracy of the notification. Finally, the ICMP files are built and structured differently depending on the respective type and the triggering instance. The IP header often contains a listing of the first 64 bits of the data packet, which are responsible for the error message or the status query. Due to the 8 bit field length, different ICMP messages are theoretically possible, with about 40 of them being fixed including some obsolete representatives and some blocked for experimental use.

The majority of the numbers are not currently assigned, but are reserved in principle. We have summarized some of the most important packet types based on the Internet Control Message Protocol in the following table:. ICMP is crucially important in terms of communication within IP networks, and is used by routers in particular.

However, servers and clients also make use of the Internet Protocol-coupled messages capabilities and in doing so, obtain important network information. A common usage scenario is the so-called network ping , which can be executed via the command line of the respective operating system using applications of the same name. The simple but useful diagnostic tool is the easiest option to check the availability of a particular host on the network.

If the system that the ping was sent to is unreachable, the last remaining reachable network station sends a response packet. Routers in turn use ICMP for different purposes: per router advertisement ICMP type 9; ICMPv6 type they set, for example all active network users in regular intervals about their attendance and different network information knowledge.

They store the received data in their cache and make the router the standard gateway. In addition, routers try to optimize the path of data packets in the network through ICMP redirects Type 5 or Using this message type, the network interfaces point a host to the existence of a better first hop intermediate station for sending IP packets.

For computer systems to be able to communicate with each other and exchange information, they need common ground, just like humans must share a common language. This provides guidelines and structures for the data transfer, and so plays a decisive role in the Using multicast connections, data streams can be transferred to a large number of clients easily and in such a way that saves resources — provided that the accessing systems are part of the same multicast group.

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